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Higher Geography - How do I approach the ITCZ question?
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- imagine a natural phenomenon that is so powerful that it controls the lives of millions of people a natural force so great it influences
- migration Wildlife poverty the shape of the land and controls the climate of whole parts of a continent
- this force of nature is not volcanoes earthquakes or fiction it is the itcz or the inter-tropical Convergent Zone coming together of air masses
- so let's explore this aspect of the atmosphere and its influence on the wet and dry seasons of West Africa this is thing four
- the itcz stands for the inter-tropical Convergent Zone the words into tropical means it sits between the tropics north and south of
- the Equator the word convergence refers to where the trade winds meet at the base of the Hadley cells either side of the Equator
- where the trade winds meet at the equator a zone of low pressure is created here warm air rises through convection as it does so it draws in air
- from 30 degrees north and south as the warm air rises it chills and condenses to cause storm clouds and heavy rain this next part is key the itcz moves
- North and South throughout the year following the thermal equator this is the movement of the Sun in relation to the Earth's surface it
- Alters where the most heat is received and where convection takes place the rainfall produced controls the wet and dry seasons in West Africa as the itcz
- follows the thermal equator it controls the movement of two key air masses which affect the climate the trade winds pull in the tropical Maritime and tropical
- Continental air masses and meet to form the itcz the tropical maritime air mass originates mainly over the Atlantic and so carries a lot of moisture
- it is unstable warm and humid and is created near the tropics it brings rain to West Africa the tropical Continental air mass is the
- opposite it is formed over the Sahara Desert consequently it is dry warm and stable with warm winds called harmattan as the itcz follows a thermal equator
- throughout the year these air masses take it in turns to dominate the climate of the region by July the itcz has migrated northwards and sits over the
- Tropic of Cancer it is pulled with it the tropical maritime air mass bringing the wet season to most of West Africa
- by January it has moved southwards and sits over the coast of West Africa it has paused with it the tropical Continental air mass bringing the dry
- season to the region cities like Lagos on the coast of Nigeria are closer to the tropics Lagos is wetter as it is affected by the
- tropical maritime air mass throughout the year climate grass for Lagos will show rainfall all year with a peak in June as
- the itcz moves North it then Peaks again in October as the itcz Retreats South bringing more rain to the area
- in December and January there is less rain as the tropical Continental air mass dominates places further north like agades are
- closer to the Sahara Desert and will be drier as they are affected by the tropical continents where amass most of the year
- by the time the tropical maritime air mass has covered West Africa in July there will be less moisture available to water agates
- climate graphs for places like agades will show six to seven months rainfall from October to April with a short wet season in the summer and small amounts
- of rain places situated more centrally like Bobo de lasso in Burkina Faso have a clear wet and dry season with large amounts of rainfall from June to August
- when the itcz is furthest North the itcz is a complex climatic process that controls life for millions of people in West Africa
- as we change the planet's natural systems the effects of the itcz could become more extreme in the future millions of lives depend upon the itcz
- both socially and economically the convergence of two different air types and how we are changing them is massive
- it is much more important than just another part of your higher geography course this was thing four thanks for watching
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